DNA testing and paternity tests - more top online services

Advanced DNA Technology - Common questions, testing process, and services for DNA testing, from a laboratory in Houston, TX.

Affiliated Genetics, Inc. - Founded 1994 from experience since 1988 at University of Utah. Court-admissible paternity or screens for diagnostic, personal identification and twin zygosity. Salt Lake City, UT.

Allen G. Gelb - Forensic consultant offering social security benefit assistance, sibling and paternity testing using RFLP; prenatal, blood analysis or buccal home collection kit, with FAQ, from New York, NY.

Ana-Gen Technologies, Inc. - Paternity analysis with non-amnio prenatal, personal and legal (AABB) options from Atlanta, GA.

Analytical Genetic Testing Center, Inc. - Overview of tests for paternity, parentage, identification using genetic code for immigration, adoption and child support. Expert witness services and biotechnology products catalog, including semen kits by mail from Denver, CO.

Badger-Hawkeye Red Cross - Informative site about paternity, immigration, clinical and research analyses. SSP cell line identity for HLA identification from grandparents. Laboratories since 1974, in Madison, WI.

Bio-Synthesis, Inc. - Offer DNA case consultation, semen detection, sex-typing and parenting testing to AABB standards. FAQ, instructions and online ordering of home or legal kit from Lewisville, TX.

Bode Technology Group, Inc. - Forensics and human identification, paternity testing, felon databanking and information from Springfield, VA.

BRT Laboratories, Inc. - DNA testing for the determination of paternity, immigration, relationship, and siblings. CLIA Registered forensic, p53-mutational, clinical donor confirmation and drug testing. Also semen analysis using PSA. Claims to have collection centers in several countries and States besides Baltimore, MD.

Colorado Specimen Collection - Paternity testing and phlebotomy, including homebound patients, mobile service at extra cost out of Lakewood, CO.

Commonwealth Biotechnologies, Inc. - Offering DNA paternity home kits or legal testing with accreditation in 50 States and expert testimony available from Richmond, VA.

DNA Analysis, Inc. - Offers DNA profiling and storage to settle parentage, forensic, or inheritance issues from Cincinnati, OH.

DNA Diagnostics Center - Offers paternity, maternity, and siblingship studies required for immigration and custody cases. Located in Fairfield, OH.

DNA Diagnostics, Inc. - Multi-species laboratory specializing in animal and human DNA testing for State regulators, LE-agencies, attorneys and breed associations from labs in Carthage, TX

DNA Forensic Consultants - Clinical laboratory since 1981, explaining their CLIA- accredited HLA, red cell antigens and DNA DQA1, PM and STR testing for parental, immigration, adoption. Offering testimony in courts of NJ, NY, and PA, with base in Ridgewood, NJ.

DNA Plus - Mobile collection service including prenatal paternity. Self-collection kits for paternity from hair, semen or 5-minute infidelity test kit. Drug & alcohol screening services at the workplace or screening kits' Assist other paternity testing laboratories with confidential collection with chain-of-custody protocol. Coordinate in different States from Chatsworth, CA.

DNA Testing Centre, Inc. - Laboratory in Euless (Dallas-Fort Worth area), Texas, offers home test kits worldwide for paternity determination and other purposes. Includes FAQs and other information.

DNA Testing Solutions, Inc. - Offers AABB accredited paternity DNA results in 5 days or less, with prices for legally binding paternity and Y chromosome tests, worldwide from Tampa, FL.

DNAPrint Genomics - Genetic analytics and information for personalized medicine. Sarasota FL

Empire Genetics Inc. - Laboratory established 1978, now offering two tear pricing with option of test admissible in any court in the USA as evidential proof of paternity or non-paternity from Cedarhurst, NY.

Fairfax Identity Laboratories - Offers accredited DNA paternity, maternity, grandparentage, forensics, immigration and felon databanking. Features conception calculator, from specialized provider of infertility treatment with facilities in Fairfax and Ashburn, VA and Gaithersburg, MD operated from High Point, NC.

Forensic Bioinformatic Services, Inc. - Offer an objective review of DNA evidence in court cases to assist attorneys in verifying forensic evidence. Fairborn, Ohio.

Genelex Corp. - Founded in 1987, ASCL-accredited in forensic DNA testing since 1998, the AABB for parentage testing since 1992, and complies with FDA GL & GMP and contributed to NIST standards from Redmond, WA.

Genetic Identity - Site comprehensively explaining all the genetics behind accredited and accurate paternity testing services provided from Eugene, OR.

Genetic Paternity Testing Professionals - Confidential genetic testing with contact only through email.

Genetic Profiles Corp. - Brief FAQ, requesting analysis to establish or disprove paternity, their procedure, fees based on time, using home collection kit for mailing to AABB-accredited lab in San Diego, CA.

The Genetic Testing Laboratory - Offering sample collection in Las Cruces and Albuquerque, NM, or El Paso, TX, for DNA analysis at the Genetic Testing Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM

Genetica DNA Laboratories, Inc. - Company which legally determines parentage identity from Cincinnati, OH.

GenQuest - AABB-accredited laboratory specializing in paternity, prenatal genetic and forensic tests, arranging buccal collection throughout the USA, from the University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV.

Identagene, Inc. - Secure login with case studies, family law tips for DNA paternity testing services. Also criminal law as applied to Houston, TX.

Identity Genetics, Inc. - Privately owned company explaining services for paternity and forensics, with DNA testing information, sampling instructions, glossary, secure ordering from Brookings, SD.

iDNA Laboratory, Inc. - Private company specializing in parentage and kinship analysis and genetic identification, including expert witness support. Includes FAQ on DNA testing in Northbrook, IL.

Lifecodes DNA Corp. - Offers confidential, non-blood home DNA test kit paternity/parentage. Claiming over 300,000 DNA tests in 4,000 paternity testing centers worldwide from Stamford, CT.

Long Beach Genetics - Confidential paternity tests and genetic reconstruction from Ranco Dominquez, CA.

Mitotyping Technologies, LLC - Specialist laboratory providing overview of mitochondrial DNA analysis, permitted for identity by New York Department of Health. Includes bibliography, and contacts for their service in State College, PA.

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratories - Provides PCR based diagnostic tests for patient management and research purposes from Cincinnati, OH.

Niagen Genetics, Inc. - Established 1998, for DNA paternity testing in curiosity and legal cases. Claims over 4000 locations for sample submission, subsidiaries in 36 countries, affiliates with accreditation encompassing forensic and ISO 9002 from Genetest Laboratories, Buffalo, NY.

NucleoGenix LLC. - Offers DNA typing technology and forensic science education and training for legal practitioners.

Orchid Cellmark - Forensic casework from one of the first service providers, now with direct upload to NDIS and includes Y chromosome STR testing for samples containing male and female DNA. Contacts for Germantown, MD, Nashville, TN and Dallas, TX.

Paternity Services of Florida - Online since 1994, now providing AABB accredited DNA testing with home collection kits. Offices in Tampa, FL and Houston, TX.

Paternity Testing Corp. - AABB-accredited DNA paternity, parentage and forensic identity testing with guidance. Actively researching new screening protocols in Columbia, MO.

Primary Structure - Offering parentage screenings for public and forensic investigations for law enforcement agencies, with FAQ and downloadable PDF pricelist, from Phoenix, AZ.

Professional Screening Service - Forensic services including specimen collection, paternity, DNA testing, drug and alcohol testing. DOT post-accident service available from Memphis, TN.

ReliaGene Technologies, Inc. - Full service DNA testing laboratory, specializing in paternity, forensic, and molecular diagnostic testing in New Orleans, LA.

Rocky Mountain Health Screens, LLC. - Home and legal paternity tests, drug testing, pregnancy testing and other medical test kits, from Colorado Springs, CO.

American Genetics Inc. - Offer curiosity or legal paternity service using 13 microsatellite analysis; non-invasive prenatal test from maternal blood to presence of sperm in clothing by mail. Now with Niagen HQ in Buffalo, NY, AGI has retained offices in Mississauga, ON, Canada.

DNA Evidence Pty Ltd - Offer independent review of DNA typing test results, for the legal profession, and expert testimony from Toowong, Australia.

DNA Solutions Pty Ltd. - Offers testing from just a few strands of hair, through the mail, expanding to centers in Lowestoft, UK and Bakersfield, CA from laboratories in Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Forensic Science Service - Since 1995, government custodian of the UK National DNA Database, with examples of application, now offering paternity identification service, to the public internationally from England.

Genekotech Inc. - Parentage and Forensic DNA identity testing; Y-STR multiplex systems for analyzing mixed male and female DNA samples. Kits and service in US$ available, funding the Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University in Korea.

Genetest Laboratories Inc. - Explain their 13 microsatellite DNA analysis, specializing in non-invasive prenatal paternity testing. FEMA support for WTC victim families. ISO9002 registered with offices in Buffalo, NY and Mississauga, ON, Canada.

Genetic Technologies Corp. Pty Ltd. - Trading as DNA-Id Labs, offer DNA paternity testing from Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.

Genetic Test Laboratories, Inc. - Offers full range of tests, including banking and drug monitoring for North America from Toronto, ON, Canada.

Genetrack Biolabs, Inc. - DNA paternity testing in over 500 facilities from coast to coast from Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Genex Diagnostics - Offers DNA paternity testing with step by step guide with links to FAQs and technical resources. Offers online DNA paternity testing worldwide in US$ from Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Helix Biotech - now part of Orchid BioSciences, Inc., offers DNA testing for paternity, parentage, immigration, forensics, estate banking and adoption. List of collection laboratory's throughout Canada with head office in Westminster, BC, Canada.

Helix Scientific Consultants - Research services targeting the legal profession, to provide expert witnesses for criminal litigation, and environmental cases, providing overview and contact for their base in Leicester, UK.

IMMD - Offers paternity and identity testing through mail from Berlin, Germany.

Maxxam's Analytics Inc. - Guidance to confirm identification, forensic casework, paternity issues and services offered from Guelph, ON, Canada.

Molecular Diagnostic Service (Pty) Ltd. - Sexing, paternity and pathogen DNA testing analysis with collection instructions for avian, human and veterinary testing. Price list in US$ from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.

Orchid BioSciences Europe Ltd - Offer profiling of genetic uniqueness and its application to a range of accredited genotyping and analysis services, including single nucleotide polymorphisms. Based in Abingdon, UK.

Pacific IDentifications Inc. - Established in 1989 for bioarchaeological, zoological and ecological consultancy. Offer ancient DNA, prehistoric and zooarchaeological analysis, food habit studies, skeletal identification and reference databases from Victoria, BC, Canada.

Paragon Genetics - Besides testing for family relations; paternity, non-invasive prenatal, and forensic DNA Testing, offers screening of different bacterial and viral organisms, as potential cause of chronic illness, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Health Genetic Center Corp., Concord, ON, Canada.

The Paternity Company Ltd. - Private DNA testing service, offering FAQ, collection kit for buccal swab or hairs. Three tier pricing, including court admissible paternity test, for payment in sterling online or by mail to Stockport, UK.

ProADN Diagnostic Inc. - Human identification and other molecular medicine testing, from scientists, with recent publications, who founded this business in 1995, moving to purpose-built labs in 2001 from Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Test-de-paternite - PCR testing on buccal swab samples from the father, the child, and if possible, the mother by mail to Berlin, Germany.

Twin Test - Danish laboratory specializing in DNA zygosity for twins, triplets and quads from blood or buccal swab in Holte, Denmark.

Verilabs Europe - Offers paternity or consanguinity tests, through buccal mucus collection at home. Instruction, overview of techniques, and laboratory in Leiden, The Netherlands.

VIFM - DNA/Paternity Testing Services - Government body offering tests for paternity, siblings, twins, coronial identification and immigration matters. Includes educational material about forensic biology at the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia.

Paternity

A child born to the wife during the marriage is presumed to be the husband's child, as determined by law. This well-settled concept is the "presumption of lawful paternity", and assigns to the husband complete rights, duties and obligations as to the child, regardless of whether he is the biological parent or not. In the case of an unwed mother a man may come forward and accept the paternity of the child, the mother may petition the court for a determination if she can identify the likely candidate(s) or paternity can be determined by estoppel over time.

Where paternity of the child is in question, any party with an interest may ask the court to determine paternity, of one or several potential fathers (called putative father) based initially upon sworn statements and then upon testimony, including but not limited to:

• Sexual relations by the mother with a man other than the putative father, with a description of the circumstances of the child's conception
• Lack of access to the mother by the putative father during the same time period
• Scientific proof (blood group, HLA marker, DNA testing, etc.) showing the likelihood of putative father being genetically related
• Other admissible evidence that may tend to establish paternity such as statements against interest made by the putative father

Generally, hospital records and birth certificate are not sufficient to offset this presumption of lawful paternity. A successful application to the court results in an Order of Filiation, and assigning paternity to a specific man. The biological father now must support the child and may also generally speaking have visitation with the child. In a marriage where the biological father is unknown or without financial means, the court may find the husband responsible for support of the child.

Please remember in calculating the date of conception that the human gestation period is roughly 9 months, less 7-11 days.

A child born to the husband and wife prior to the marriage becomes a child of the marriage when the marriage is performed.

Attribition: This informational article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Paternity.